BioPAX pathway converted from "alpha-linolenic (omega3) and linoleic (omega6) acid metabolism" in the Reactome database.
alpha-linolenic (omega3) and linoleic (omega6) acid metabolism
There are two major classes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): the omega-3 (n-3) and the omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids, where the number corresponds to the position of the first double bond proximate to the methyl end of the fatty acid. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids. Humans cannot synthesize them, instead they are supplied through diet. Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2(n-6)), a major component of omega-6 fatty acids and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:2(n-3)) a major component of omega-3 fatty acids are the two main dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs) in humans. ALA and LA obtained from diet are converted in the body into their longer chain and more unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 products by a series of desaturation and elongation steps. Metabolism of ALA and LA to their corresponding products is mediated via common enzyme systems. In humans ALA is finally converted to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6(n-3)), and LA is converted to docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5(n-6)). The intermediary omega-3 and omega-6 series fatty acids play a significant role in health and disease by generating potent modulatory molecules for inflammatory responses, including eicosanoids (prostaglandins, and leukotrienes), and cytokines (interleukins) and affecting the gene expression of various bioactive molecules (Kapoor & Huang 2006, Sprecher 2002, Burdge 2006).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3(n-3)) is an omega-3 fatty acid, supplied through diet as it cannot be synthesized by humans. ALA has an important role in human health. It is converted to long chain more unsaturated n-3 fatty acids by a series of alternating desaturation and elongation reactions. Omega-3 products of ALA such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduce inflammation and may help lower risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and arthritis. All the desaturation and elongation steps occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) except for the final step which requires translocation to peroxisomes for partial beta-oxidation.
The alpha-linolenic acid pathway involves the following steps: 18:3(n-3)--> 18:4(n-3)-->20:4(n-3)-->20:5(n-3)-->22:5(n-3)-->24:5(n-3)-->24:6(n-3)-->22:6(n-3). Two desaturation enzymes are involved in this process: delta-6 desaturase that converts 18:3(n-3) to 18:4(n-3) and 24:5(n-3) to 24:6(n-3) respectively, delta-5 desaturase 20:4(n-3) to 20:5(n-3). (Sprecher 2002).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
6.2.1.3
Activation of alpha-linolenic acid to alpha-linolenoyl-CoA
In the first step the precursor apha-linolenic (9,12,15-18:3(n-3)) acid is activated to a high energy form known as alpha-linolenoyl-CoA (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl-CoA) by the iron enzyme long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA-ligase (acyl-CoA synthetase 1, ACSL1) and coenzyme A.
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
ALA
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid
alpha-linolenic acid
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
Reactome DB_ID: 2046056
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0005788
alpha-linolenic acid [ChEBI:27432]
alpha-linolenic acid
ChEBI
CHEBI:27432
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046056
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046056
Reactome
R-ALL-2046056
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046056.3
Reactome
//www.joaskin.com
CoA-SH
coenzyme A
Reactome DB_ID: 162743
coenzyme A [ChEBI:15346]
coenzyme A
ChEBI
CHEBI:15346
Reactome Database ID Release 77
162743
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=162743
Reactome
R-ALL-162743
4
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-162743.4
COMPOUND
C00010
additional information
MI
MI:0361
ATP
ATP(4-)
Reactome DB_ID: 211579
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0005789
ATP(4-) [ChEBI:30616]
ATP(4-)
ATP
atp
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate
ChEBI
CHEBI:30616
Reactome Database ID Release 77
211579
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=211579
Reactome
R-ALL-211579
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-211579.3
PPi
pyrophosphate
diphosphoric acid
pyrophosphoric acid
diphosphate
Reactome DB_ID: 2046049
diphosphoric acid [ChEBI:29888]
diphosphoric acid
ChEBI
CHEBI:29888
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046049
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046049
Reactome
R-ALL-2046049
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046049.3
COMPOUND
C00013
AMP
adenosine 5'-monophosphate
phy -ent-participant78003
phy -ent-participant27755
phy -ent-participant6155
phy -ent-participant39754
phy -ent-participant59701
phy -ent-participant63108
phy -ent-participant7212
phy -ent-participant6975
phy -ent-participant7360
phy -ent-participant34129
phy -ent-participant7251
phy -ent-participant57455
phy -ent-participant5885
phy -ent-participant7305
phy -ent-participant7434
phy -ent-participant37066
phy -ent-participant6074
phy -ent-participant39691
phy -ent-participant56969
phy -ent-participant7311
phy -ent-participant56905
phy -ent-participant7396
phy -ent-participant37169
phy -ent-participant7190
phy -ent-participant97095
phy -ent-participant7099
phy -ent-participant7156
phy -ent-participant7234
phy -ent-participant39732
phy -ent-participant96967
phy -ent-participant7345
phy -ent-participant61581
phy -ent-participant97412
phy -ent-participant32767
phy -ent-participant6780
phy -ent-participant6181
phy -ent-participant78062
phy -ent-participant7127
phy -ent-participant39719
phy -ent-participant32383
phy -ent-participant32064
phy -ent-participant7039
phy -ent-participant5850
phy -ent-participant10477
phy -ent-participant56875
phy -ent-participant56948
phy -ent-participant57003
phy -ent-participant5643
phy -ent-participant32370
phy -ent-participant6357
Reactome DB_ID: 2046064
adenosine 5'-monophosphate [ChEBI:16027]
adenosine 5'-monophosphate
ChEBI
CHEBI:16027
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046064
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046064
Reactome
R-ALL-2046064
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046064.3
ALA-CoA
9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatrienoyl-CoA
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA
18:3(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046062
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:51985]
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA
cis,cis-linoleoyl-coenzyme A
cis-Delta(9,12)-octadecadienoyl-CoA
cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoyl-coenzyme A
cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoyl-CoA
cis-Delta(9,12)-octadecadienoyl-coenzyme A
alpha-linolenoyl-coenzyme A
cis,cis-linoleoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:51985
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046062
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046062
Reactome
R-ALL-2046062
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046062.3
ACTIVATION
ACSL1
Reactome DB_ID: 2046075
ACSL1
acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1
Reactome DB_ID: 201038
UniProt:P33121 ACSL1
ACSL1
FACL1
FACL2
LACS
LACS1
LACS2
FUNCTION Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation (PubMed:24269233, PubMed:22633490, PubMed:21242590). Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate (PubMed:24269233). Preferentially activates arachidonate than epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) or hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs) (By similarity).ACTIVITY REGULATION Inhibited at high temperature and by arachidonate.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highly expressed in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and erythroid cells, and to a lesser extent in brain, lung, placenta and pancreas.DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE Expressed during the early stages of erythroid development while expression is very low in reticulocytes and young erythrocytes.SIMILARITY Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Homo sapiens
NCBI Taxonomy
9606
UniProt
P33121
1
EQUAL
698
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
201038
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=201038
Reactome
R-HSA-201038
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-201038.1
1
Mg2+
Magnesium
magnesium(2+)
Mg++
Reactome DB_ID: 217314
magnesium(2+) [ChEBI:18420]
magnesium(2+)
ChEBI
CHEBI:18420
Reactome Database ID Release 77
217314
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=217314
Reactome
R-ALL-217314
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-217314.3
COMPOUND
C00305
1
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046075
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046075
Reactome
R-HSA-2046075
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046075.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0004467
gene ontology term for cellular function
MI
MI:0355
Same Catalyst Activity
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046080
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046080
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046085
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046085
Reactome
R-HSA-2046085
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046085.1
7061494
Pubmed
1982
Discovery of an arachidonoyl coenzyme A synthetase in human platelets
Wilson, DB
Prescott, SM
Majerus, PW
J Biol Chem 257:3510-5
978-0-12-417762-8
ISBN
2003
Docosahexaenoic acid
Biosketch, Kohlmeier
Nutrient Metabolism (Book): 164-175
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
1.14.19.3
Desaturation of alpha-linoleoyl-CoA to Stearidonoyl-CoA
Alpha-linoloyl-CoA is converted to Stearidonoyl-CoA (SDA, 6,9,12,15-18:3(n-3)) by delta-6-destaurase (fatty acid desaturase-2, FADS2). FADS2 uses the cytochrome b5 system to add a double bond at position 6. This is the rate limiting step in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism (Horrobin 1993).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
NADH
Reactome DB_ID: 194697
NADH(2-) [ChEBI:57945]
NADH(2-)
NADH dianion
adenosine 5'-{3-[1-(3-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-1,4-anhydro-D-ribitol-5-yl] diphosphate}
NADH
ChEBI
CHEBI:57945
Reactome Database ID Release 77
194697
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=194697
Reactome
R-ALL-194697
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-194697.3
COMPOUND
C00004
2
O2
Oxygen
dioxygen
Reactome DB_ID: 113534
dioxygen [ChEBI:15379]
dioxygen
ChEBI
CHEBI:15379
Reactome Database ID Release 77
113534
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113534
Reactome
R-ALL-113534
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113534.3
COMPOUND
C00007
SDA-CoA
Stearidonoyl-CoA (SDA-CoA)
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA
18:4(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046052
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63545]
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63545
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046052
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046052
Reactome
R-ALL-2046052
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046052.3
H2O
water
Reactome DB_ID: 113519
water [ChEBI:15377]
water
ChEBI
CHEBI:15377
Reactome Database ID Release 77
113519
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113519
Reactome
R-ALL-113519
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113519.3
COMPOUND
C00001
2
NAD
NAD+
NAD(+)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
DPN
Diphosphopyridine nucleotide
Reactome DB_ID: 194653
NAD(1-) [ChEBI:57540]
NAD(1-)
adenosine 5'-{3-[1-(3-carbamoylpyridinio)-1,4-anhydro-D-ribitol-5-yl] diphosphate}
NAD(+)
NAD anion
ChEBI
CHEBI:57540
Reactome Database ID Release 77
194653
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=194653
Reactome
R-ALL-194653
4
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-194653.4
COMPOUND
C00003
2
ACTIVATION
FADS2
delta-6 desaturase
Fatty acid desaturase 2
FADS2_HUMAN
Reactome DB_ID: 2046069
UniProt:O95864 FADS2
FADS2
FUNCTION Involved in the biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3) precursors, acting as a fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase that introduces a cis double bond at carbon 6 of the fatty acyl chain. Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in this pathway which is the desaturation of LA (18:2n-6) and ALA (18:3n-3) into gamma-linoleate (GLA) (18:3n-6) and stearidonate (18:4n-3), respectively (PubMed:12713571). Subsequently, in the biosynthetic pathway of HUFA n-3 series, it desaturates tetracosapentaenoate (24:5n-3) to tetracosahexaenoate (24:6n-3), which is then converted to docosahexaenoate (DHA)(22:6n-3), an important lipid for nervous system function (By similarity). Desaturates hexadecanate (palmitate) to produce 6Z-hexadecenoate (sapienate), a fatty acid unique to humans and major component of human sebum, that has been implicated in the development of acne and may have potent antibacterial activity (PubMed:12713571). It can also desaturate (11E)-octadecenoate (trans-vaccenoate, the predominant trans fatty acid in human milk) at carbon 6 generating (6Z,11E)-octadecadienoate (By similarity). In addition to Delta-6 activity, this enzyme exhibits Delta-8 activity with slight biases toward n-3 fatty acyl-CoA substrates (By similarity).PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in a wide array of tissues, highest expression is found in liver followed by brain, lung, heart, and retina. A lower level is found in breast tumor when compared with normal tissues; lowest levels were found in patients with poor prognostic index.DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE Found in fetal heart.INDUCTION Repressed by dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids.DOMAIN The protein sequence includes a number of characteristic features of microsomal fatty acid desaturases including the three histidine boxes HXXXH, HXXHH, and QXXHH (these domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in metal ion binding), and the N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain containing the heme-binding motif, HPGG, similar to that of other fatty acid desaturases.SIMILARITY Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
UniProt
O95864
1
EQUAL
444
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046069
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046069
Reactome
R-HSA-2046069
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046069.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0016213
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046082
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046082
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046084
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046084
Reactome
R-HSA-2046084
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046084.1
12562861
Pubmed
2003
Regulation of human delta-6 desaturase gene transcription: identification of a functional direct repeat-1 element
Tang, C
Cho, HP
Nakamura, MT
Clarke, SD
J Lipid Res 44:686-95
12713571
Pubmed
2003
识别的delta-6 desaturase的人类sebaceous glands: expression and enzyme activity
Ge, L
Gordon, JS
Hsuan, C
Stenn, K
Prouty, SM
J Invest Dermatol 120:707-14
8386433
Pubmed
1993
Fatty acid metabolism in health and disease: the role of delta-6-desaturase
Horrobin, DF
Am J Clin Nutr 57:732S-736S; discussion 736S-737S
1346092
Pubmed
1992
Comparison of the conversion rates of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3(n - 3)) and stearidonic acid (18:4(n - 3)) to longer polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats
山崎,K
Fujikawa, M
Hamazaki, T
Yano, S
Shono, T
Biochim Biophys Acta 1123:18-26
11988075
Pubmed
2002
The same rat Delta6-desaturase not only acts on 18- but also on 24-carbon fatty acids in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
d'Andréa, S
Guillou, H
Jan, S
Catheline, D
Thibault, JN
Bouriel, M
Rioux, V
Legrand, P
Biochem J 364:49-55
19056654
Pubmed
2009
Dietary stearidonic acid is a long chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid with potential health benefits
Whelan, J
J Nutr 139:5-10
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Elongation of stearidonoyl-CoA to eicosatetraenoyl-CoA
SDA-CoA (6,9,12,15-18:4(n-3)) is rapidly elongated by two carbon atoms to 8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA (8,11,14,17-20:4(n-3), ETA-CoA). The NADPH-consuming enzyme long-chain fatty acyl elongase (ELOVL5) mediates this reaction which and adds malonyl-CoA to the SDA-CoA and releases carbon dioxide and free CoA (Leonard et al. 2004).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
TPNH
NADPH
Reactome DB_ID: 113601
NADPH [ChEBI:16474]
NADPH
TPNH
ChEBI
CHEBI:16474
Reactome Database ID Release 77
113601
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113601
Reactome
R-ALL-113601
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113601.2
COMPOUND
C00005
2
Malonyl-CoA
Malonyl coenzyme A
Reactome DB_ID: 2046066
malonyl-CoA [ChEBI:15531]
malonyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:15531
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046066
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046066
Reactome
R-ALL-2046066
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046066.2
COMPOUND
C00083
CO2
carbon dioxide
Reactome DB_ID: 159751
carbon dioxide [ChEBI:16526]
carbon dioxide
ChEBI
CHEBI:16526
Reactome Database ID Release 77
159751
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=159751
Reactome
R-ALL-159751
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-159751.3
COMPOUND
C00011
TPN
NADP+
NADP
NADP(+)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Triphosphopyridine nucleotide
Reactome DB_ID: 113564
NADP(+) [ChEBI:18009]
NADP(+)
ChEBI
CHEBI:18009
Reactome Database ID Release 77
113564
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113564
Reactome
R-ALL-113564
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113564.3
COMPOUND
C00006
2
ETA-CoA
8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-Eicosatetraenoyl-CoA (ETA-CoA)
(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoyl-CoA
8,11,14,17-20:4(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046051
(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63542]
(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63542
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046051
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046051
Reactome
R-ALL-2046051
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046051.3
ACTIVATION
Converted from EntitySet in Reactome
ELOVL1,2,3,5
Reactome DB_ID: 5676214
ELOVL1
Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 1
Reactome DB_ID: 548764
UniProt:Q9BW60 ELOVL1
ELOVL1
SSC1
CGI-88
功能催化第一和病原意图ction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle (PubMed:29496980, PubMed:30487246). This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that exhibits activity toward saturated and monounsaturated acyl-CoA substrates, with the highest activity towards C22:0 acyl-CoA. May participate in the production of both saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators. Important for saturated C24:0 and monounsaturated C24:1 sphingolipid synthesis (PubMed:20937905). Indirectly inhibits RPE65 via production of VLCFAs.PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; fatty acid biosynthesis.SUBUNIT Interacts with LASS2, TECR and HSD17B12.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.DOMAIN The C-terminal di-lysine motif may confer endoplasmic reticulum localization.SIMILARITY Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL1 subfamily.
UniProt
Q9BW60
1
EQUAL
279
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
548764
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=548764
Reactome
R-HSA-548764
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-548764.1
ELOVL2
Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2
Reactome DB_ID: 548677
UniProt:Q9NXB9 ELOVL2
ELOVL2
ELG3
SSC2
功能催化第一和病原意图ction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of polyunsaturated very long chain fatty acid (C20- and C22-PUFA), acting specifically toward polyunsaturated acyl-CoA with the higher activity toward C20:4(n-6) acyl-CoA. May participate in the production of polyunsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Liver and testis.DOMAIN The C-terminal di-lysine motif may confer endoplasmic reticulum localization.SIMILARITY Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL2 subfamily.
UniProt
Q9NXB9
1
EQUAL
296
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
548677
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=548677
Reactome
R-HSA-548677
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-548677.1
ELOVL3
Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3
Reactome DB_ID: 548785
UniProt:Q9HB03 ELOVL3
ELOVL3
CIG30
功能催化第一和病原意图ction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that exhibits activity toward saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoA substrates with higher activity toward C18 acyl-CoAs, especially C18:0 acyl-CoAs. May participate in the production of saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Testis.DOMAIN The C-terminal di-lysine motif may confer endoplasmic reticulum localization.PTM N-Glycosylated.SIMILARITY Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL3 subfamily.
UniProt
Q9HB03
1
EQUAL
270
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
548785
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=548785
Reactome
R-HSA-548785
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-548785.1
ELOVL5
Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5
Reactome DB_ID: 548679
UniProt:Q9NYP7 ELOVL5
ELOVL5
ELOVL2
PRO0530
功能催化第一和病原意图ction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that acts specifically toward polyunsaturated acyl-CoA with the higher activity toward C18:3(n-6) acyl-CoA. May participate in the production of monounsaturated and of polyunsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators (By similarity) (PubMed:10970790, PubMed:20937905). In conditions where the essential linoleic and alpha linoleic fatty acids are lacking it is also involved in the synthesis of Mead acid from oleic acid (By similarity).PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. Highly expressed in the adrenal gland and testis. Weakly expressed in prostate, lung and brain. Expressed in the cerebellum.SIMILARITY Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL5 subfamily.
UniProt
Q9NYP7
1
EQUAL
299
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
548679
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=548679
Reactome
R-HSA-548679
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-548679.1
Reactome Database ID Release 77
5676214
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5676214
Reactome
R-HSA-5676214
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5676214.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0009922
Reactome Database ID Release 77
548806
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=548806
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046088
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046088
Reactome
R-HSA-2046088
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046088.2
14636670
Pubmed
2004
Elongation of long-chain fatty acids
Leonard, AE
Pereira, SL
Sprecher, H
Huang, YS
Prog Lipid Res 43:36-54
10899997
Pubmed
2000
Identification and characterization of an enzyme involved in the elongation of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Parker-Barnes, JM
Das, T
Bobik, E
Leonard, AE
Thurmond, JM
Chaung, LT
Huang, YS
Mukerji, P
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:8284-9
12716664
Pubmed
2003
Metabolism of stearidonic acid in human subjects: comparison with the metabolism of other n-3 fatty acids
James, MJ
Ursin, VM
Cleland, LG
Am J Clin Nutr 77:1140-5
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Desaturation of eicosatetraenoyl-CoA to eicosapentaenoyl-CoA
Eicosatetraenoyl-CoA (ETA-CoA) is desaturated by an additional carbon-carbon bond to form 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA (EPA-CoA, 5,8,11,14,17-20:5(n-3)). Delta-5-desaturase is required for this conversion. EPA-CoA has health benefits due to its anti-inflammatory actions. It is a precursor for the anti-inflammatory series-3 prostaglandins (PG), the series-5 leukotrienes (LT) and the series-3 thromboxanes (TA), which are anti-atherogenic and anti-thrombogenic (Ross et al. 2009).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
EPA-CoA
5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoyl-CoA
5,8,11,14,17-20:5(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046059
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63539]
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63539
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046059
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046059
Reactome
R-ALL-2046059
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046059.3
2
2
ACTIVATION
FADS1
Fatty acid desaturase 1
FADS1_HUMAN
Reactome DB_ID: 400122
UniProt:O60427 FADS1
FADS1
FADSD5
PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed, with highest levels in liver, brain, adrenal gland and heart. Highly expressed in fetal liver and brain.INDUCTION Strongly down-regulated upon differentiation in a neuroblastoma cell line (at protein level).DOMAIN The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in metal ion binding.SIMILARITY Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
UniProt
O60427
1
EQUAL
501
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
400122
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400122
Reactome
R-HSA-400122
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400122.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0045485
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046077
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046077
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046089
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046089
Reactome
R-HSA-2046089
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046089.1
8096621
Pubmed
1993
Comparison of the metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid and its delta 6 desaturation product, stearidonic acid, in cultured NIH-3T3 cells
Cantrill, RC
Huang, YS
Ells, GW
Horrobin, DF
Lipids 28:163-6
10601301
Pubmed
1999
Cloning, expression, and fatty acid regulation of the human delta-5 desaturase
Cho, HP
Nakamura, M
Clarke, SD
J Biol Chem 274:37335-9
19422375
Pubmed
2009
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: new insights into mechanisms relating to inflammation and coronary heart disease
de Roos, B
Mavrommatis, Y
Brouwer, IA
Br J Pharmacol 158:413-28
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Elongation of eicosapentaenoyl-CoA to docosapentaenoyl-CoA
Eicosapentaenoyl-CoA (EPA-CoA) is transformed to docosapentaenoyl-CoA (DPA-CoA/clupanodonic acid; 7,10,13,16,19-22:5(n-3)) by addition of two carbon atoms from malanoyl-CoA. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes ELOVL5/2 (Leonard et al. 2004). DPA is quite high in seal oil and may act as an anti-atherogenic factor. DPA has 10-fold greater endothelial cell migration ability than EPA, which is important in wound-healing processes. DPA may act as a precursor for production of the DPA-related D-series of resolvins or neuroprotectins (Kaur et al. 2011).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
2
DPA-CoA
7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl-CoA (DPA-CoA)
(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoA
docosapentaenoyl-CoA
7,10,13,16,19-22:5(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046057
(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63541]
(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63541
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046057
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046057
Reactome
R-ALL-2046057
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046057.3
ACTIVATION
Converted from EntitySet in Reactome
ELOVL5/ELOVL2
Reactome DB_ID: 2046072
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046072
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046072
Reactome
R-HSA-2046072
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046072.1
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046081
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046081
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046100
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046100
Reactome
R-HSA-2046100
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046100.1
8832760
Pubmed
1996
Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5, n-3), an elongation metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3), is a potent stimulator of endothelial cell migration on pretreatment in vitro
Kanayasu-Toyoda, T
Morita, I
Murota, S
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 54:319-25
12323085
Pubmed
2002
Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the principal products of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in young men*
Burdge, Graham C
Jones, AE
Wootton, SA
Br J Nutr 88:355-63
12323090
Pubmed
2002
Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in young women
Burdge, Graham C
Wootton, SA
Br J Nutr 88:411-20
20655949
Pubmed
2011
Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3): a review of its biological effects
Kaur, G
Cameron-Smith, D
Garg, M
Sinclair, AJ
Prog Lipid Res 50:28-34
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Elongation of docosapentaenoyl-CoA to tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
Docosapentaenoyl-CoA is elongated to tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA (9,12,15,18,21-24:5(n-3)) by the enzyme ELOVL2.
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
2
TPA-CoA
9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA (TPA-CoA)
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
9,12,15,18,21-24:5(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046065
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63543]
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63543
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046065
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046065
Reactome
R-ALL-2046065
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046065.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
548822
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=548822
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046090
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046090
Reactome
R-HSA-2046090
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046090.1
1834642
Pubmed
1991
The metabolism of 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid to 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid in rat liver is independent of a 4-desaturase
Voss, A
Reinhart, M
Sankarappa, S
Sprecher, H
J Biol Chem 266:19995-20000
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
1.14.19.3
Desaturation of tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA to tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
Tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA (9,12,15,18,21-24:5(n-3)) is further converted by delta 6-desaturase (FADS2) to tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA (6,9,12,15,18,21-24:6(n-3)).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
2
2
THA-CoA
6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA (THA-CoA)
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
6,9,12,15,18,21-24:6(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046054
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63540]
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63540
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046054
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046054
Reactome
R-ALL-2046054
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046054.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046099
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046099
Reactome
R-HSA-2046099
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046099.1
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
7.6.2.4
Translocation of tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA to peroxisomes
The 24-carbon tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA (6,9,12,15,18,21-24:6(n-3) is transported to peroxisomes to undergo a putative single cycle of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, producing Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) (Sprecher 2002, Luthria et al. 1996).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
ADP
ADP(3-)
Reactome DB_ID: 211606
ADP(3-) [ChEBI:456216]
ADP(3-)
ADP
5'-O-[(phosphonatooxy)phosphinato]adenosine
ADP trianion
ChEBI
CHEBI:456216
Reactome Database ID Release 77
211606
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=211606
Reactome
R-ALL-211606
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-211606.3
THA-CoA
6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA (THA-CoA)
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
6,9,12,15,18,21-24:6(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046047
peroxisomal matrix
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0005782
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046047
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046047
Reactome
R-ALL-2046047
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046047.3
PI
Phosphatidyl 1D-myo-inositol
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
Reactome DB_ID: 426639
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol (ChEBI: 16749)
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
ChEBI
CHEBI:16749
Reactome Database ID Release 77
426639
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=426639
Reactome
R-ALL-426639
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-426639.3
COMPOUND
C01194
ACTIVATION
ALDP
ABCD1
Reactome DB_ID: 382566
peroxisomal membrane
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0005778
UniProt:P33897 ABCD1
ABCD1
ALD
函数在运输过程中发挥作用的免费版本y-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) as well as their CoA-esters across the peroxisomal membrane by acting as an ATP-specific binding subunit releasing ADP after ATP hydrolysis (PubMed:15682271, PubMed:11248239, PubMed:16946495, PubMed:18757502). Thus, plays a role in regulation of VLCFAs and energy metabolism namely, in the degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids by beta-oxidation, mitochondrial function and microsomal fatty acid elongation (PubMed:23671276). Involved in several processes; namely, controls the active myelination phase by negatively regulating the microsomal fatty acid elongation activity and may also play a role in axon and myelin maintenance. Controls also the cellular response to oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial function like, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and depolarization. And finally controls the inflammatory response by positively regulating peroxisomal beta-oxidation of VLCFAs (By similarity).SUBUNIT Can form homooligomers, homodimers and heterodimers with ABCD2/ALDR and ABCD3/PMP70. Dimerization is necessary to form an active transporter (PubMed:17609205, PubMed:10551832). Interacts with PEX19; facilitates ABCD1 insertion into the peroxisome membrane (PubMed:10777694, PubMed:10704444).INDUCTION Up-regulated by degradation or export of cholesterol.DOMAIN The NH2-terminal transmembrane domaine (TMD) is involved in the recognition of substrates, and undergoes a conformational change upon ATP binding to the COOH-terminal nucleotide binding domain (NBD).PTM Tyrosine-phosphorylated.DISEASE The promoter region of ABCD1 is deleted in the chromosome Xq28 deletion syndrome which involves ABCD1 and the neighboring gene BCAP31.SIMILARITY Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCD family. Peroxisomal fatty acyl CoA transporter (TC 3.A.1.203) subfamily.
UniProt
P33897
1
EQUAL
745
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
382566
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=382566
Reactome
R-HSA-382566
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-382566.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0005324
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046078
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046078
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046087
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046087
Reactome
R-HSA-2046087
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046087.2
12897190
Pubmed
2003
Studies on the metabolic fate of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Ferdinandusse, Sacha
Denis, Simone
Dacremont, Georges
Wanders, Ronald J A
J Lipid Res 44:1992-7
11500517
Pubmed
2001
Peroxisomal straight-chain Acyl-CoA oxidase and D-bifunctional protein are essential for the retroconversion step in docosahexaenoic acid synthesis
Su, HM
Moser, AB
Moser, HW
Watkins, PA
J临床生物化学276:38115-20
8656081
Pubmed
1995
Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in human skin fibroblasts involves peroxisomal retroconversion of tetracosahexaenoic acid
Moore, SA
Hurt, E
Yoder, E
Sprecher, H
Spector, AA
J Lipid Res 36:2433-43
12324224
Pubmed
2002
The roles of anabolic and catabolic reactions in the synthesis and recycling of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Sprecher, H
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 67:79-83
8663162
Pubmed
1996
Regulation of the biosynthesis of 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid
Luthria, DL
Mohammed, BS
Sprecher, H
J Biol Chem 271:16020-5
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
1.3.3.6
Oxidation of tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA to delta2-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA
Retroconversion of C24:6(n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3) involves the initial oxidation of tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA to an intermediate 1-(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosaheptaenoyl)-CoA (delta2-THA-CoA). This step is catalysed by the peroxisomal enzyme Straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase (SCOX) (Ferdinandusse et al. 2001).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
O2
Oxygen
dioxygen
Reactome DB_ID: 113535
Reactome Database ID Release 77
113535
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113535
Reactome
R-ALL-113535
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113535.3
COMPOUND
C00007
delta2-THA-CoA
1-(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosaheptaenoyl)-CoA
(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA
Reactome DB_ID: 2066767
(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:65139]
(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:65139
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066767
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066767
Reactome
R-ALL-2066767
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066767.3
H2O2
hydrogen peroxide
Reactome DB_ID: 113575
hydrogen peroxide [ChEBI:16240]
hydrogen peroxide
ChEBI
CHEBI:16240
Reactome Database ID Release 77
113575
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113575
Reactome
R-ALL-113575
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113575.3
COMPOUND
C00027
ACTIVATION
ACOX1 dimer
Reactome DB_ID: 390232
ACOX1:FAD complex
Reactome DB_ID: 390237
FAD
Reactome DB_ID: 141335
FAD [ChEBI:16238]
FAD
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
ChEBI
CHEBI:16238
Reactome Database ID Release 77
141335
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=141335
Reactome
R-ALL-141335
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-141335.2
1
ACOX1-2
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1
ACOX1 isoform 2
Reactome DB_ID: 390263
UniProt:Q15067-2 ACOX1
ACOX1
ACOX
FUNCTION Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. First enzyme of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway.PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation.SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:32169171). Interacts with LONP2 (PubMed:18281296).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed with highest levels of isoform 1 and isoform 2 detected in testis. Isoform 1 is expressed at higher levels than isoform 2 in liver and kidney while isoform 2 levels are higher in brain, lung, muscle, white adipose tissue and testis. Levels are almost equal in heart.MISCELLANEOUS Isoform 1 and isoform 2 can reverse the Acox1 null phenotype in mouse which is characterized by severe microvesicular hepatic steatosis, sustained activation of PPARA, spontaneous massive peroxisome proliferation and eventual development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Isoform 2 is more effective in reversal of the phenotype than isoform 1 (PubMed:20195242).SIMILARITY Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family.
UniProt Isoform
Q15067-2
1
EQUAL
660
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
390263
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=390263
Reactome
R-HSA-390263
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-390263.1
1
Reactome Database ID Release 77
390237
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=390237
Reactome
R-HSA-390237
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-390237.1
2
Reactome Database ID Release 77
390232
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=390232
Reactome
R-HSA-390232
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-390232.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0003997
Reactome Database ID Release 77
390231
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=390231
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066787
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066787
Reactome
R-HSA-2066787
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066787.1
11734571
Pubmed
2001
Identification of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid
Ferdinandusse, Sacha
Denis, Simone
Mooijer, PA
Zhang, Z
Reddy, Janardan K
Spector, AA
Wanders, Ronald J A
J Lipid Res 42:1987-95
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
4.2.1.74
Hydration of delta2-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA to 3-hydroxy tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
Delta2-THA-CoA is hydrated to 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate 1-(3-hydroxy-6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoyl)-CoA by HSD17B4/DBP (d-bifunctional protein) dimer.
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
H2O
water
Reactome DB_ID: 141343
Reactome Database ID Release 77
141343
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=141343
Reactome
R-ALL-141343
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-141343.3
1-3-hydroxy-THA-CoA
1 - (3-hydroxy-6Z 9 z 12 z, 15 z, 18 z, 21 z-tetracosahexaenoyl)-CoA
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
Reactome DB_ID: 2066766
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:65130]
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:65130
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066766
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066766
Reactome
R-ALL-2066766
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066766.3
ACTIVATION
HSD17B4 dimer
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 dimer
Reactome DB_ID: 389999
HSD17B4
HSD17B4(1-736)
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2
hydroxysteroid (17 beta)脱氢酶4
DHB4_HUMAN
Reactome DB_ID: 192322
UniProt:P51659 HSD17B4
HSD17B4
EDH17B4
SDR8C1
FUNCTION Bifunctional enzyme acting on the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids. Catalyzes the formation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA intermediates from straight-chain, 2-methyl-branched-chain fatty acids bile acid intermediates. With EHHADH, catalyzes the hydration of trans-2-enoyl-CoA and the dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, but with opposite chiral specificity (PubMed:10671535).PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; fatty acid beta-oxidation.SUBUNIT Homodimer.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Present in many tissues with highest concentrations in liver, heart, prostate and testis.MISCELLANEOUS The protein is found both as a full-length peptide and in a cleaved version.SIMILARITY Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
UniProt
P51659
1
EQUAL
736
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
192322
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=192322
Reactome
R-HSA-192322
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-192322.2
2
Reactome Database ID Release 77
389999
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=389999
Reactome
R-HSA-389999
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-389999.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0016508
Reactome Database ID Release 77
389989
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=389989
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066778
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066778
Reactome
R-HSA-2066778
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066778.1
9089413
Pubmed
1997
Structure of D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase/D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional protein
Jiang, LL
Miyazawa, S
Souri, M
Hashimoto, Takashi
J Biochem 121:364-9
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
4.2.1.74
Dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxy tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
3-hydroxy tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA undergoes dehydrogenation to form 1-(3-oxo-6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoyl)-CoA, catalysed by DBP. DBP is a bifunctional enzyme, involved in the hydration of a variety of trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA's but also mediating dehydrogenation of a variety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA's (Jiang et al. 1997).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA
1-(3-oxo-6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoyl)-CoA
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-oxotetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
Reactome DB_ID: 2066762
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-oxotetracosahexaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:65131]
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-oxotetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:65131
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066762
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066762
Reactome
R-ALL-2066762
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066762.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066780
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066780
Reactome
R-HSA-2066780
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066780.1
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
2.3.1.176
Formation of DHA-CoA catalysed by sterol carrier protein X (SCPx)
The final step in the beta-oxidation process is the thiolytic cleavage of 1-(3-oxo-6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoyl)-CoA to form docosahexaenoyl-CoA (DHA-CoA). This step is catalysed by both sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) (this reaction) and the classic 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (Ferdinandusse et al. 2001).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
CoA-SH
coenzyme A
Reactome DB_ID: 193514
Reactome Database ID Release 77
193514
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=193514
Reactome
R-ALL-193514
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-193514.3
COMPOUND
C00010
DHA-CoA
4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl-CoA
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA
Reactome DB_ID: 2066765
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:65132]
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:65132
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066765
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066765
Reactome
R-ALL-2066765
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066765.3
propionyl CoA
propionyl-CoA
Reactome DB_ID: 192314
propionyl-CoA [ChEBI:15539]
propionyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:15539
Reactome Database ID Release 77
192314
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=192314
Reactome
R-ALL-192314
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-192314.3
COMPOUND
C00100
ACTIVATION
SCP2
SCPx thiolase (SCPX)
没有n-specific lipid-transfer protein
NLTP_HUMAN
Reactome DB_ID: 2046067
UniProt:P22307 SCP2
SCP2
TISSUE SPECIFICITY Liver, fibroblasts, and placenta.INDUCTION Up-regulated by 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen.DISEASE Expression at protein level is almost abolished in Zellweger syndrome. Cholesterol transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane was reduced in patient fibroblasts compared to controls.SIMILARITY In the N-terminal section; belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
UniProt
P22307
1
EQUAL
547
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046067
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046067
Reactome
R-HSA-2046067
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046067.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0050632
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066783
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066783
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066781
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066781
Reactome
R-HSA-2066781
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066781.2
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
2.8.3.8
Formation of DHA-CoA catalysed by 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
The final step in the beta-oxidation process is the thiolytic cleavage of 1-(3-oxo-6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoyl)-CoA to form docosahexaenoyl-CoA (DHA-CoA). This step is catalysed by both sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) and the classic 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (this reaction) (Ferdinandusse et al. 2001).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Ac-CoA
Acetyl coenzyme A
acetyl-CoA
Reactome DB_ID: 353123
acetyl-CoA [ChEBI:15351]
acetyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:15351
Reactome Database ID Release 77
353123
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=353123
Reactome
R-ALL-353123
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-353123.3
COMPOUND
C00024
ACTIVATION
ACAA1
Acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal
Reactome DB_ID: 390238
UniProt:P09110 ACAA1
ACAA1
ACAA
PTHIO
FUNCTION Responsible for the thiolytic cleavage of straight chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs. Catalyzes the cleavage of short, medium and long straight chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs, medium chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs being the best substrates.PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; fatty acid metabolism.SUBUNIT Homodimer.INDUCTION Peroxisomal thiolase is markedly induced (at the level of transcription) by various hypolipidemic compounds in parallel with the other two enzymes of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system.SIMILARITY Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
UniProt
P09110
27
EQUAL
424
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
390238
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=390238
Reactome
R-HSA-390238
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-390238.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0008775
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066786
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066786
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066788
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066788
Reactome
R-HSA-2066788
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066788.2
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
3.1.2.1
Conversion of DHA-CoA to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
DHA-CoA优先移回到了呃,也许ps as a free fatty acid. This conversion is usually catalysed by acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs). No specific acyl-CoA thioesterase enzyme has been identified for the peroxisomal metabolism of DHA-CoA, but the peroxisomal ACOT8 has a wide substrate specificity and is likely to be responsible (Ferdinandusse et al. 2003, Hunt & Alexson. 2008).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
DHA
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosahexaenoic acid
22:6(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2066763
all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid [ChEBI:28125]
all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid
ChEBI
CHEBI:28125
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066763
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066763
Reactome
R-ALL-2066763
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066763.3
ACTIVATION
ACOT8
Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8
Reactome DB_ID: 193426
UniProt:O14734 ACOT8
ACOT8
ACTEIII
PTE1
FUNCTION Acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH (PubMed:9299485, PubMed:9153233, PubMed:15194431). Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8/ACOT8 display no strong substrate specificity with respect to the carboxylic acid moiety of Acyl-CoAs (By similarity). Hydrolyzes medium length (C2 to C20) straight-chain, saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoAS but is inactive towards substrates with longer aliphatic chains (PubMed:9299485, PubMed:9153233). Moreover, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of CoA esters of bile acids, such as choloyl-CoA and chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA and competes with bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT) (By similarity). ACOT8 is also able to hydrolyze CoA esters of dicarboxylic acids (By similarity). It is involved in the metabolic regulation of peroxisome proliferation (PubMed:15194431).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) May mediate Nef-induced down-regulation of CD4 cell-surface expression (PubMed:9153233).ACTIVITY REGULATION Inhibited by CoASH (IC(50)=10-15 uM). Also inhibited by cysteine-reactive agents.PATHWAY Lipid metabolism; fatty acid metabolism.SUBUNIT Homodimer (By similarity).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) Nef (via middle region); this interaction enhances ACOT8 Acyl-CoA thioesterase activity and occurs in a Nef myristoylation-independent manner (PubMed:9299485). According to a second report, the interaction with HIV-1 Nef occurs in a Nef myristoylation-independent manner but does not enhance ACOT8 Acyl-CoA thioesterase activity (PubMed:9153233).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Detected in a T-cell line (at protein level). Ubiquitous (PubMed:9153233, PubMed:9299485).INDUCTION Regulated by peroxisome proliferator (such as Clofibrate), via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs).SIMILARITY Belongs to the C/M/P thioester hydrolase family.
UniProt
O14734
1
EQUAL
319
EQUAL
Reactome Database ID Release 77
193426
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=193426
Reactome
R-HSA-193426
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-193426.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0003986
Reactome Database ID Release 77
390301
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=390301
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066779
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066779
Reactome
R-HSA-2066779
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066779.1
18538142
Pubmed
2008
没有vel functions of acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases as auxiliary enzymes in peroxisomal lipid metabolism
Hunt, MC
Alexson, SE
Prog Lipid Res 47:405-21
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Retranslocation of DHA back to ER
DHA is transported back to the ER, where it is incorporated into membrane lipids instead of being further beta-oxidized in the peroxisome (Ferdinandusse et al. 2003).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
DHA
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosahexaenoic acid
22:6(n-3)
Reactome DB_ID: 2066770
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066770
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066770
Reactome
R-ALL-2066770
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066770.3
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066785
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066785
Reactome
R-HSA-2066785
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066785.1
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046106
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046106
Reactome
R-HSA-2046106
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046106.1
16828546
Pubmed
2006
Metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid in humans
Burdge, Graham C
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 75:161-8
8443237
Pubmed
1993
Desaturation and chain elongation of n - 3 and n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the human CaCo-2 cell line
Chen, Q
Nilsson, A
Biochim Biophys Acta 1166:193-201
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0036109
gene ontology term for cellular process
MI
MI:0359
Linoleic acid (LA) metabolism
亚油酸(洛杉矶,18:2 (n-6))是一种ω- 6脂肪酸acid obtained through diet, mainly from vegetable oils. Omega-6 fatty acids helps stimulate skin and hair growth, maintain bone health, regulate metabolism, and maintain the reproductive system. All the desaturation and elongation steps occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) except for the final step which requires translocation to peroxisomes for partial beta-oxidation. The linoleic acid pathway involves the following steps: 18:2(n-6)-->18:3(n-6)--> 20:3(n-6)-->20:4(n-6)-->22:4(n-6)-->24:4(n-6)-->24:5(n-6)-->22:5(n-6). Two desaturation enzymes are involved in this process: delta-6 desaturase which converts 18:2(n-6) to 18:3 (n-6) and 24:4(n-6) to 24:5(n-6) respectively, and delta-5 desaturase which converts 20:3(n-6) to 20:4(n-6). (Sprecher 2002).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
6.2.1.3
Activation of linoleic acid to linoleoyl-CoA
The dietary essential fatty acid (EFA) linoleic acid (LA) is activated to a high energy form known as linoleoyl-CoA by the action of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs). Thioesterification of long-chain fatty acids into their acyl-CoA derivatives is considered to be the first committed step in fatty acid metabolism. Formation of acyl-CoA allows an otherwise non-reactive fatty acid to participate in biosynthetic or catabolic pathways. This acyl CoA form is converted to its longer-chain polyunsaturated products by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions (Ellis et al. 2010, Watkins 2008).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
LA
LINA
linoleic acid
linoleic acid (LA)
linoleate
18:2(n-6)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046044
linoleic acid [ChEBI:17351]
linoleic acid
ChEBI
CHEBI:17351
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046044
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046044
Reactome
R-ALL-2046044
4
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046044.4
LA-CoA
linoleoyl-CoA (LA-CoA)
linoleoyl-CoA
(9Z,12Z)-Octadecadienoyl-CoA
18:2(n-6)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046063
linoleoyl-CoA [ChEBI:15530]
linoleoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:15530
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046063
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046063
Reactome
R-ALL-2046063
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046063.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046098
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046098
Reactome
R-HSA-2046098
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046098.1
20480548
Pubmed
2010
Acyl-coenzyme A synthetases in metabolic control
Ellis, JM
Frahm, JL
Li, LO
Coleman, RA
Curr Opin Lipidol 21:212-7
18024425
Pubmed
2008
Very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases
Watkins, PA
J Biol Chem 283:1773-7
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
1.14.19.3
Desaturation of Linoleoyl-CoA to gamma-linolenoyl-CoA
The first major step in the metabolism of linoleic acid (LA) is desaturation of delta 9,12-octadecadienoyl CoA/linoleoyl CoA (LA-CoA) to delta 6,9,12-octodecatrienoyl CoA/gamma-lenoleoyl CoA (GLA-CoA). This step is catalyzed by delta-6-destaurase (fatty acid desaturase-2, FADS2) which introduces a cis-double bond between carbons 6 and 7. This is the rate limiting step in LA metabolism (Horrobin 1993).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
2
GLA-CoA
gamma-linolenoyl-CoA (GLA-COA)
gamma-linolenoyl-CoA
octadecatrienoyl-CoA
6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl-CoA
18:3(n-6)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046042
gamma-linolenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:15508]
gamma-linolenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:15508
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046042
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046042
Reactome
R-ALL-2046042
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046042.3
2
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046096
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046096
Reactome
R-HSA-2046096
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046096.1
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Elongation of gamma-lenolenoyl-CoA to dihomo-gamma-lenolenoyl-CoA
Gamma-linolenoyl-CoA (6,9,12-20:3(n-6)) is rapidly elongated to dihomo-gamma-linolenoyl-CoA (DGL-CoA; 8,11,14-20:3(n-6)) by the action of C18-PUFA-specific elongase 5 (ELOVL5). Two carbon atoms are added during this reaction. DGL-CoA later undergoes desaturation to form arachidonic acid (AA, 5,8,11,14-20:4(n-6)).
Depending on the cell type, DGL-CoA can also be metabolized by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases to produce anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins of series 1 (PGE1) and 15-hydroxyeico- satrienoic acid (15-HETrE)). GLA and these two oxidative metabolites exert clinical effects in a variety of diseases, including suppression of chronic inflammation, vasodilation and lowering of blood pressure, inhibition of platelet aggregation and thrombosis. (Fan et al. 2001, Fan & Chapkin 1998, Kapoor & Huang. 2006)
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
DGL-CoA
dihomo-gamma-linoloyl CoA
all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA
8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl-CoA
eicosatrienoyl CoA
20:3(n-6)
Reactome DB_ID: 2046045
all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA [ChEBI:27979]
all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:27979
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046045
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046045
Reactome
R-ALL-2046045
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046045.3
2
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046094
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046094
Reactome
R-HSA-2046094
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046094.2
10970790
Pubmed
2000
Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel enzyme involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Leonard, AE
Bobik, EG
Dorado, J
Kroeger, PE
Chuang, LT
Thurmond, JM
Parker-Barnes, JM
Das, T
Huang, YS
Mukerji, P
Biochem J 350:765-70
1-893997-17-0
ISBN
2001
Antiatherogenic Potential of gamma Linolenic Acid
Fan, YY
Chapkin, RS
Ramos, KS
gamma-linolenic acid (Book): 169
9732298
Pubmed
1998
Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition
Fan, YY
Chapkin, RS
J Nutr 128:1411-4
8609415
Pubmed
1996
Metabolism of gammalinolenic acid in human neutrophils
Chilton-Lopez, T
Surette, ME
Swan, DD
Fonteh, AN
Johnson, MM
Chilton, FH
J Immunol 156:2941-7
17168669
Pubmed
2006
Gamma linolenic acid: an antiinflammatory omega-6 fatty acid
Kapoor, R
Huang, YS
Curr Pharm Biotechnol 7:531-4
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Desaturation of dihomo-gamma-lenolenoyl-CoA to arachidonoyl-CoA
DGL-CoA (8 11 14-eicosatrienoyl-CoA)经历了desaturation by delta 5-desaturase (D5-desaturase) forming arachidonoyl-CoA (AA-CoA, 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid). D5-desaturase has 62% sequence identity with D6-desaturase but desaturates a different carbon atom, adding a double bond at position C5 in arachidonoyl-CoA (AA-CoA). AA can be metabolized by variety of oxygenases (including cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase systems) to form a family of varying products known as eicosanoids, prostaglandins, leukotrines and thromboxanes thus playing important role in inflamation response.
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
2
2
AA-CoA
arachidonoyl-CoA (AA-CoA)
arachidonoyl-CoA
5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA
Reactome DB_ID: 2046053
arachidonoyl-CoA [ChEBI:15514]
arachidonoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:15514
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046053
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046053
Reactome
R-ALL-2046053
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046053.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046092
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046092
Reactome
R-HSA-2046092
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046092.1
10769175
Pubmed
2000
cDNA cloning and characterization of human Delta5-desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid
Leonard, AE
Kelder, B
Bobik, EG
Chuang, LT
Parker-Barnes, JM
Thurmond, JM
Kroeger, PE
Kopchick, JJ
Huang, YS
Mukerji, P
Biochem J 347:719-24
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Elongation of arachidonyl-CoA to docosatetraenoyl-CoA
arachidonoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => 3-oxo-(7,10,13,16)-docosatetraenoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoASH [ELOVL5]
艺龙Arachidonyl-CoA经历二碳链ation on the carboxyl end to form docosatetraenoyl-CoA (DTA-CoA/Adrenic acid/7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid (7,10,13,16-22:4(n-6)). This reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes ELOVL5 or ELOVL2. Malanoyl-CoA provides the additional two carbons required for elongation. Docosatetraenoyl-CoA is further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LO) and cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) to dihomo (DH) eicosanoids (Kopf et al. 2010, Leonard et al. 2004).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
DTA-CoA
7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl-CoA (DTA-CoA)
(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl-CoA
3-oxo-(7,10,13,16)-docosatetraenoyl-CoA
Adrenic acid
Reactome DB_ID: 2046060
(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63544]
(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63544
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046060
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046060
Reactome
R-ALL-2046060
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046060.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046083
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046083
Reactome
R-HSA-2046083
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046083.1
20038752
Pubmed
2010
Adrenic acid metabolites as endogenous endothelium-derived and zona glomerulosa-derived hyperpolarizing factors
Kopf, PG
Zhang, DX
Gauthier, KM
Nithipatikom, K
Yi, XY
Falck, JR
Campbell, WB
Hypertension 55:547-54
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Elongation of docosatetraenoyl-CoA to tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA
Docosatetraenoyl-CoA is elongated to tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA (TTA-CoA, 9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoic acid, 9,12,15,18-24:4(n-6)) by the elongase enzyme ELOVL2.
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
TTA-CoA
9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z-Tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA (TTA-CoA)
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA
Tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA
24:4n-6
Reactome DB_ID: 2046048
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63548]
(9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63548
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046048
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046048
Reactome
R-ALL-2046048
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046048.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046095
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046095
Reactome
R-HSA-2046095
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046095.1
9704073
Pubmed
1973
Fate of linoleic, arachidonic, and docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acids in rat testicles
Ayala, S
Gaspar, G
Brenner, RR
Peluffo, RO
Kunau, W
J Lipid Res 14:296-305
5411545
Pubmed
1970
The biosynthesis of delta-9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoic and of delta-6,9,12,15,18-tetracosapentaenoic acids by rat testes
Bridges, RB
Coniglio, JG
J Biol Chem 245:46-9
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
1.14.19.3
Desaturation of tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA to tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
Tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA is further desaturated by delta 6-desaturase (FADS2) to tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA (TPA-CoA, 6,9,12,15,18-24:5(n-6)).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
2
2
2
TPA-CoA
6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA (TPA-CoA)
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
Tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
24:5n-6
Reactome DB_ID: 2046050
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA [ChEBI:63546]
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
ChEBI
CHEBI:63546
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046050
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046050
Reactome
R-ALL-2046050
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046050.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046097
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046097
Reactome
R-HSA-2046097
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046097.1
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
7.6.2.4
Translocation of tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA to peroxisomes
Prior to this reaction all the enzymes involved in the desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid are located in the ER, but for this last step tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA must be transferred to the peroxisomes for partial beta-oxidation to docosapentaenoyl-CoA (DPA-CoA, 4,7,10,13,16-22:5(n-6)) (Su et al. 2001).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Pi
Orthophosphate
hydrogenphosphate
Phosphate
Inorganic Phosphate
Reactome DB_ID: 5228339
hydrogenphosphate [ChEBI:43474]
hydrogenphosphate
hydrogen phosphate
phosphate
[PO3(OH)](2-)
INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP
HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION
HPO4(2-)
[P(OH)O3](2-)
ChEBI
CHEBI:43474
Reactome Database ID Release 77
5228339
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5228339
Reactome
R-ALL-5228339
4
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-5228339.4
COMPOUND
C00009
TPA-CoA
6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA (TPA-CoA)
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
Tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
24:5n-6
Reactome DB_ID: 2046055
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046055
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046055
Reactome
R-ALL-2046055
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2046055.3
ACTIVATION
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046093
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046093
Reactome
R-HSA-2046093
2
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046093.2
9684854
Pubmed
1998
Analysis of the putative role of 24-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biosynthesis of docosapentaenoic (22:5n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids
Infante, JP
Huszagh, VA
FEBS Lett 431:1-6
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Peroxisomal beta-oxidation of tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA to Docosapentaenoyl-CoA
One cycle of peroxisomal beta-oxidation shortens C24:5(n-6) to C22:5(n-6), releasing one molecules of acetyl-CoA. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (AOX), D-bifunctional protein (DBP/MFE2), and either peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (Th) or SCPx thiolase (SCPx) enzymes have been proposed to be responsible for this partial beta-oxidation (Infante & Huszagh 1998, Su et al. 2001).
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
DPA
Docosapentaenoic acid
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid
http://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB01976
Reactome DB_ID: 2066764
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid [ChEBI:65136]
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid
ChEBI
CHEBI:65136
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066764
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066764
Reactome
R-ALL-2066764
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066764.3
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046101
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046101
Reactome
R-HSA-2046101
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046101.1
LEFT-TO-RIGHT
Translocation of DPA to the ER
The resulted free DPA is transported back to ER, where it is incorporated into membrane lipids.
Authored: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2012-01-11
DPA
Docosapentaenoic acid
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoic acid
http://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB01976
Reactome DB_ID: 2066768
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066768
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066768
Reactome
R-ALL-2066768
3
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-2066768.3
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2066782
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2066782
Reactome
R-HSA-2066782
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2066782.1
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046105
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046105
Reactome
R-HSA-2046105
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046105.1
10903473
Pubmed
2000
Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids
Sprecher, H
Biochim Biophys Acta 1486:219-31
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0043651
Reactome Database ID Release 77
2046104
数据库标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2046104
Reactome
R-HSA-2046104
1
Reactome稳定的标识符。使用这个URL连接到the web page of this instance in Reactome: //www.joaskin.com/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2046104.1
GENE ONTOLOGY
GO:0033559